Pyramid of Djedefre

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Pyramid of Djedefre

Description: There are ruins of the rarely visited Pyramid of Djedefre, located at Abu Rawash, north from the great pyramids of the Giza Plateau. Flinders Petrie, a famous British Egyptologist, considered the Pyramid of Djedefre the oldest one among the existing pyramids. It is generally believed that the ancient egyptians, during the time of the three “kingdom” periods, started destroying the completed pyramid to get the building materials for other construction sites. This state of affairs continued until the times of Copts and Arabs. Unfortunately, only a 12-meters height limestone hill remained from the pyramid structure. However, the height of the complete pyramid was almost 70 meters. The Pyramid of Djedefre is “a piece of good fortune” for the researchers, because the inner pyramid’s structure is out in the open.
Alternative names: Pyramid at Abu Rawash (Abu Roach),Pyramid of Radjedef (Djedefra)
Lepsius No: 2
Type: True Pyramid
Location: Abu Rawash
Country: Egypt

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Books

Arnold, Dieter. The Encyclopedia of Ancient Egyptian Architecture. Princeton University Press, New Jersey, 2003.
Bernard, Mathieu. "Abou Rawash". Travaux de l’Institut français d’archéologie orientale 1999-2000, BIFAO 100, Le Caire, 2000, pp. 447-452.
Bernard, Mathieu. "Abou Roach". Travaux de l’Institut français d’archéologie orientale 2000-2001, BIFAO 101, Le Caire, 2001, pp. 453-461.
Bernard, Mathieu. "Abou Roach". Travaux de l’Institut français d’archéologie orientale 2001-2002, BIFAO 102, Le Caire, 2002, pp. 441-449.
Bernard, Mathieu. "Abou Roach". Travaux de l’Institut français d’archéologie orientale 2002-2003, BIFAO 103, Le Caire, 2003, pp. 491-499.
Bonani, Georges, and Herbert Haas, Zahi Hawass, Mark Lehner, Shawki Nakhla, John Nolan, Robert Wenke, Willy Wölfli. Radiocarbon Dates of Old and Middle Kingdom Monuments in Egypt. Near East Chronology: Archaeology and Environment. RADIOCARBON, Vol 43, Nr 3, Arizona Board of Regents on behalf of the University of Arizona, 2001, pp. 1297-1320.
Clayton, Peter A. Chronicle of the Pharaohs. The Reign-by-Reign Record of the Rulers and Dynasties of Ancient Egypt. London: Thames & Hudson Ltd, 1994. Reprinted 2001.
Edwards, I.E.S. The Pyramids of Egypt. The Viking Press, Inc., New York, 1972.
El-Naggar, Salah. "Les couvrements de granit dans les pyramides de Giza". In Peter Jánosi, ed. Structure and Significance: Thoughts on Ancient Egyptian Architecture, Vienna: Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Wien, 2005, pp. 429-438.
Fakhry, Ahmed. The Pyramids. Chicago, University of Chicago, 1961.
Grimal, Nicolas. "Abou Rawash". Travaux de l’Institut français d’archéologie orientale 1994-1995, BIFAO 95, Le Caire, 1995, pp. 545-551.
Grimal, Nicolas. "Abou Rawash". Travaux de l’Institut français d’archéologie orientale 1995-1996, BIFAO 96, Le Caire, 1996, pp. 494-499.
Grimal, Nicolas. "Abou Rawash". Travaux de l’Institut français d’archéologie orientale 1996-1997, BIFAO 97, Le Caire, 1997, pp. 317-326.
Grimal, Nicolas. "Abou Rawash". Travaux de l’Institut français d’archéologie orientale 1997-1998, BIFAO 98, Le Caire, 1998, pp. 499-505.
Grimal, Nicolas. "Abou Rawash". Travaux de l’Institut français d’archéologie orientale 1998-1999, BIFAO 99, Le Caire, 1999, pp. 456-462.
Gundacker, Roman. "Zur Struktur der Pyramidennamen der 4.Dynastie." Sokar No. 18 (1/2009), pp. 26-30.
Hamilton, Keith. The Great Pit of Abu-Rawash. A Layman’s guide. Internet Resource, 2018.
Klemm, Dietrich, and Rosemarie Klemm. The Stones of the Pyramids: Provenance of the Building Stones of the Old Kingdom Pyramids of Egypt. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, 2010.
Lehner, Mark. The Complete Pyramids. Solving the Ancient Mysteries. London: Thames & Hudson Ltd, 1997. Reprinted 2001.
Maragioglio, Vito and Celeste Ambrogio Rinaldi. L'Architettura delle Piramidi Menfite. Parte V. Le Piramidi di Zedefra e di Chefren. Tavole. Tipografia Canessa: Rapallo, 1966.
Maragioglio, Vito and Celeste Ambrogio Rinaldi. L'Architettura delle Piramidi Menfite. Parte V. Le Piramidi di Zedefra e di Chefren. Testo. Tipografia Canessa: Rapallo, 1966.
Maragioglio, Vito and Celeste Ambrogio Rinaldi. Notizio Sulle Piramidi di Zedefra, Zedkara Isesi, Teti. Tipografia Artale: Torino, 1962.
Marchand, Sylvie, and Michel Baud. "La céramique miniature d'Abou Rawash. Un dépôt à l'entrée des enclos orientaux." BIFAO 96, 1996, pp. 255-288.
Mendelssohn, Kurt. The Riddle of the Pyramids. London: Thames & Hudson Ltd, 1974.
Perring, John Shae. The Pyramids to the Southward of Gizeh and at Abou Roash: also Campbell's Tomb, and a Section of the Rock at Gizeh: from actual survey and admeasurement. Part III. James Frazer and John Weale, London, 1842.
Petrie, William Matthew Flinders. The Pyramids and Temples of Gizeh. London: Field & Tuer "The Leadenhall Press", 1883.
Petrie, William Matthew Flinders. The Pyramids and Temples of Gizeh. New and Revised Edition. London: Histories & Mysteries of Man Ltd., 1990 (1st ed. London: Field and Tuer, 1883).
Raynaud S., Boisse H., Makroum F.M., Bertho J. Geological and Geomorphological study of the original hill at the base of Fourth Dynasty Egyptian monuments. HAL, 2008.
Tristant, Yann. "Les tombes des premières dynasties à Abou Roach", BIFAO 108, Le Caire, 2008, pp. 325-370.
Vercoutter, Jean. L'Égypte et la vallée du Nil, des origines à la fin de l'ancien empire 12000-2000 Av. J.-C. Nouvelle Clio, PUF, Paris, 1992.
Verner, Miroslav. The Pyramids: The Archeology and History of Egypt's Iconic Monuments. New and Updated Edition. Cairo: The American University in Cairo Press, 2020.
Verner, Miroslav. The Pyramids. The Mystery, Culture and Science of Egypt's Great Monuments. London: Atlantic Books, 2001.
Vyse, Colonel Howard, and Perring, John Shae. Appendix to Operations Carried on at the Pyramids of Gizeh in 1837. Vol III, Moyes and Barclay, London, 1842.
Wilkinson, Richard H. The Complete Temples of Ancient Egypt. New York: Thames & Hudson Ltd, 2000.

Articles

Guardians.net - The Pyramid of Djedefre - Breaking New Ground.

Videos

Pyramides: Les Mystères Révélés. "Abou Rawash et la pyramide disparue", Saison 1, Épisode 6. Label News for RMC Découverte and Science & Vie TV, 2018.