Pyramid of Menkaure
Description: The Pyramid of Menkaure is like a little gem among the great pyramids of the Giza Plateau. The well-preserved granite casing stones at the bottom of the Pyramid, as well as the extraordinary interior structure, and the temple built of the huge limestone blocks, make it unique among others. Some scientists explain the specific location of the internal passages and chambers by the construction process which took a few stages. However, not all researchers support that idea. In 1837, Colonel Howard Vyse and the British engineer and Egyptologist John Shae Perring became the first explorers to get inside the Pyramid, but it turned out to be empty. The most valuable discovered items were the fragments of human bones and a well-polished basalt sarcophagus. Unfortunately, on the way to England, it sank with the ship in the Mediterranean Sea off the Spanish coast. Alternative names: Third Pyramid,Pyramid of Mykerinos
Lepsius No: 9
Type: True Pyramid
Location: Giza Plateau
Country: Egypt
Books
- Abbas, Mohamed Abbas, and Sultan Awad Sultan, Fernando A. Monteiro Santos. "2D and 3D resistivity in the area of the Menkaure Pyramid Giza, Egypt." Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 2008, pp. 411-414.
- Ain Shams University, Stanford Research Institute. Electromagnetic Sounder Experiments at the Pyramids of Giza. 1974.
- Arnold, Dieter. The Encyclopedia of Ancient Egyptian Architecture. Princeton University Press, New Jersey, 2003.
- Bauval, Robert and Adrian Gilbert. The Orion Mystery: Unlocking the Secrets of the Pyramids. Three Rivers Press, New York, 1994.
- Belzoni, Giovanni Battista. Narrative of the operations and recent discoveries within the pyramids, temples, tombs, and excavations, in Egypt and Nubia; and of a journey to the coast of the Red Sea, in search of the ancient Berenice, and of another to the oasis of Jupiter Ammon. John Murray, London,1820.
- Bonani, Georges, and Herbert Haas, Zahi Hawass, Mark Lehner, Shawki Nakhla, John Nolan, Robert Wenke, Willy Wölfli. Radiocarbon Dates of Old and Middle Kingdom Monuments in Egypt. Near East Chronology: Archaeology and Environment. RADIOCARBON, Vol 43, Nr 3, Arizona Board of Regents on behalf of the University of Arizona, 2001, pp. 1297-1320.
- Clayton, Peter A. Chronicle of the Pharaohs. The Reign-by-Reign Record of the Rulers and Dynasties of Ancient Egypt. London: Thames & Hudson Ltd, 1994. Reprinted 2001.
- Cook, R.J. "The Elaboration of the Giza Site-Plan." Discussions in Egyptology 31, 1995, pp. 35-45.
- Dash, Glen. "Occam’s Egyptian Razor: The Equinox and the Alignment of the Pyramids". The Journal of Ancient Egyptian Architecture, Vol II. 2017, pp. 1-8.
- Edwards, I.E.S. The Pyramids of Egypt. The Viking Press, Inc., New York, 1972.
- El-Naggar, Salah. "Les couvrements de granit dans les pyramides de Giza". In Peter Jánosi, ed. Structure and Significance: Thoughts on Ancient Egyptian Architecture, Vienna: Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Wien, 2005, pp. 429-438.
- Fakhry, Ahmed. The Pyramids. Chicago, University of Chicago, 1961.
- Friedman, Florence Dunn. "The Names of Menkaure." The Prfection that Endures, Studies on Old Kingdom Art and Archeology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, 2018, pp. 113-132.
- Greaves, John. Miscellaneous works of Mr. John Greaves, Vol. I-II. Published by Dr Thomas Birch. J. Hughes for J. Brindley and C. Corbett, London, 1737.
- Gundacker, Roman. "Zur Struktur der Pyramidennamen der 4.Dynastie." Sokar No. 18 (1/2009), pp. 26-30.
- Hamilton, Keith. The Minor Pyramids of Giza. Part 3. GIII-a, GIII-b, GIII-c. A Layman's Guide. Internet Resource, 2021.
- Hamilton, Keith. The Pyramid of Menkaure at Giza. A Layman's Guide. Internet Resource, 2020.
- Hawass, Zahi. "The Discovery of a Pair-Statue near the Pyramid of Menkaure at Giza", MDAIK 53, Kairo, 1997, pp. 289-293.
- Herodotus. The History of Herodotus. Books I-IV. Volume 1. Translated Into English by G. C. Macaulay. Macmillan & Co., London, 1890.
- Jánosi, Peter. "Das Pyramidion der Pyramide G III-a. Bemerkungen zu den Pyramidenspitzen des Alten Reiches." The Intellectual Heritage of Egypt. Studies presented to László Kákosy by Friends and Colleagues on the Occasion of his 60th Birthday. Studia Aegyptiaca XIV. Budapest, 1992, pp. 301-308.
- Klemm, Dietrich, and Rosemarie Klemm. The Stones of the Pyramids: Provenance of the Building Stones of the Old Kingdom Pyramids of Egypt. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, 2010.
- Lacovara, Peter, and C. Nicholas Reeves. "The Colossal Statue of Mycerinus Reconsidered." Revue d'Égyptologie 38, Paris, 1987, pp. 111-115.
- Lacovara, Peter. "The Menkaure Valley Temple Settlement Revisited." BES 19, 2014, pp. 447-454.
- Lehner, Mark and Zahi Hawass. Giza and the Pyramids. London: Thames & Hudson Ltd, 2017.
- Lehner, Mark. "Giza. A Contextual Approach to the Pyramids." Archiv für Orientforschung 32 (1985), pp. 136-158.
- Lehner, Mark. "Shareholders: The Menkaure Valley Temple Occupation in Context." Towards a New History for the Egyptian Old Kingdom, Boston, 2015, pp. 227-306.
- Lehner, Mark. The Complete Pyramids. Solving the Ancient Mysteries. London: Thames & Hudson Ltd, 1997. Reprinted 2001.
- Maragioglio, Vito and Celeste Ambrogio Rinaldi. L'Architettura delle Piramidi Menfite. Parte VI. La Grande Fossa di Zauiet el-Aryan, la Piramide di Micerino, il Mastabat Faraun, la Tomba di Khentkaus. Tavole. Tipografia Canessa: Rapallo, 1967.
- Maragioglio, Vito and Celeste Ambrogio Rinaldi. L'Architettura delle Piramidi Menfite. Parte VI. La Grande Fossa di Zauiet el-Aryan, la Piramide di Micerino, il Mastabat Faraun, la Tomba di Khentkaus. Testo. Tipografia Canessa: Rapallo, 1967.
- Mendelssohn, Kurt. The Riddle of the Pyramids. London: Thames & Hudson Ltd, 1974.
- Perring, John Shae. The Pyramids of Gizeh, from actual survey and admeasurement, by J. S. Perring. Part II. The Second and Third Pyramids, the Three Smaller to the Southward of the Third, and the Three to the Eastward of the Great Pyramid. James Frazer, London, 1840.
- Petrie, William Matthew Flinders. The Pyramids and Temples of Gizeh. London: Field & Tuer "The Leadenhall Press", 1883.
- Petrie, William Matthew Flinders. The Pyramids and Temples of Gizeh. New and Revised Edition. London: Histories & Mysteries of Man Ltd., 1990 (1st ed. London: Field and Tuer, 1883).
- Reisner, George A. Mycerinus: The Temples of the Third Pyramid at Giza. MA: Harvard University Press, Cambridge, 1931.
- Reisner, George A. "Recent Explorations in Egypt." The Independent, February 10, New York, 1910, pp. 302-306.
- Reisner, George A. "The Harvard-University-Museum of Fine Arts Egyptian Expedition." Bulletin of the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston 9, No. 50, 1911, pp. 13-20.
- Saleh, Abdel-Aziz. "Excavations Around Mycerinus Pyramid Complex." Mitteilungen des Deutschen Archäologischen Instituts, Abteilung Kairo, Band 30, Mainz, 1974, pp. 131-154.
- Szabó, Andrián. Architectural Visualization of the Pyramid of Menkaure and Its Complex. Internet Resource, 2023.
- Szabó, Andrián. The Pyramid of Menkaure. Timeline of Archeological Exploration. Internet Resource, 2023.
- Vercoutter, Jean. L'Égypte et la vallée du Nil, des origines à la fin de l'ancien empire 12000-2000 Av. J.-C. Nouvelle Clio, PUF, Paris, 1992.
- Verner, Miroslav. "Archaeological Remarks on the 4th and 5th Dynasty Chronology." Archiv Orientální 69 No. 3, Oriental Institute, Praha, 2001, pp. 363-418.
- Verner, Miroslav. The Pyramids: The Archeology and History of Egypt's Iconic Monuments. New and Updated Edition. Cairo: The American University in Cairo Press, 2020.
- Verner, Miroslav. The Pyramids. The Mystery, Culture and Science of Egypt's Great Monuments. London: Atlantic Books, 2001.
- Vyse, Colonel Howard. Operations Carried on at the Pyramids of Gizeh in 1837. Vol II, Moyes and Barclay, London, 1840.
- Vyse, Colonel Howard. Operations Carried on at the Pyramids of Gizeh in 1837. Vol I, Moyes and Barclay, London, 1840.
- Wilkinson, Richard H. The Complete Temples of Ancient Egypt. New York: Thames & Hudson Ltd, 2000.
- Wood, Wendy. "A Reconstruction of the Triads of King Mycerinus." Journal of Egyptian Archaeology 60, London, 1974, pp. 82-93.
Articles
Videos
- Pyramides: Les Mystères Révélés. "Gizeh, les derniers secrets", Saison 1, Épisode 4. Label News for RMC Découverte and Science & Vie TV, 2018.
